These examples cover major regional and diaspora traditions. They are representative, not an exhaustive list of every country or community that observes Ramadan; customs can also vary within a country.
Saudi Arabia & the Gulf
Ramadan dates follow the Umm al-Qura calendar and moon sighting, and working hours are usually shortened.
Jordan & the Levant
Jordan confirms the start after the crescent moon is investigated. Family iftars, neighborhood charity, evening gatherings and qatayef sweets are widely associated with the month.
Egypt & North Africa
Communities combine fasting and nightly worship with family iftars, charity and distinctive local customs such as Ramadan lanterns in Egypt and late-night gatherings across the Maghreb.
Indonesia
Home to the world's largest Muslim population. The government announces the start of Ramadan after a sidang isbat (moon-sighting session).
Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei
Ramadan features communal prayers, bazaars and family iftars; official religious authorities announce the month's beginning locally.
Pakistan, India, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka
Ramadan, often called Ramzan, follows local religious announcements; bazaars, mosque prayers, charity and regional iftar foods shape the month.
Turkey, the Balkans & Central Asia
Ramazan is marked by fasting, communal iftars and night prayers. Turkey publishes dates by astronomical calculation, while customs vary across Muslim communities in the wider region.
West & East Africa
Large Muslim communities from Senegal and Nigeria to Sudan, Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania combine fasting and worship with shared meals, charity and local foods.
Europe, the Americas & Oceania
Muslim communities organize mosque prayers, community iftars and charity. Local moon sighting, overseas announcements or calculated calendars can produce different start dates.
The expected first day is shown at 12:00 AM in each city. Local religious authorities may announce a different date after the crescent moon is sighted.